Amajeneretha

Amajeneretha amadivaysi aguqula ezinye izinhlobo zamandla zibe amandla kagesi. Ngo-1832, umFulentshi u-Bixi wasungula i-generator.

I-generator yenziwe nge-rotor kanye ne-stator. I-rotor itholakala phakathi nendawo ye-stator. Ifaka izigxobo kazibuthe ku-rotor ukukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe. Njengoba i-prime Mover ishayela i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze, amandla omshini adluliswa. Izigxobo kazibuthe ze-rotor zizungeza ngesivinini esikhulu kanye ne-rotor, okubangela inkambu kazibuthe ukuthi ihlangane ne-stator winding. Lokhu kusebenzisana kubangela indawo kazibuthe ukuthi inqamule kumakhondakta we-stator manding, ikhiqize amandla e-electromotive, bese ngaleyo ndlela iguqule amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi. Amajeneretha ahlukaniswe abe amajeneretha e-DC kanye namajeneretha e-AC, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni nezolimo, ukuvikela izwe, isayensi nobuchwepheshe, kanye nempilo yansuku zonke.

Imingcele yesakhiwo

Amajeneretha ngokuvamile ahlanganisa i-stator, i-rotor, ama-end caps nama-bearings.

I-stator iqukethe i-stator core, i-wire windings, uhlaka, nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo ezilungisa lezi zingxenye.

I-rotor iqukethe i-rotor core (noma isigxobo kazibuthe, i-magnetic choke) ejikajikayo, indandatho yokulinda, indandatho ephakathi nendawo, indandatho yokushelela, ifeni kanye ne-rotor shaft nezinye izakhi.

I-stator ne-rotor ye-generator ixhunywe futhi ihlanganiswe ngama-bearings kanye nama-caps wokugcina, ukuze i-rotor ikwazi ukujikeleza ku-stator futhi yenze ukunyakaza kokusika imigqa yamagnetic yamandla, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize amandla kagesi atholwe, aholwa ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa ama-terminals futhi axhunywe kumjikelezo, bese ugesi kagesi ukhiqizwa.

Izici Ezisebenzayo

Ukusebenza kwejeneretha ehambisanayo kubonakala ikakhulukazi ngokungalayishi nokulayisha izici. Lezi zici ziyizisekelo ezibalulekile ukuze abasebenzisi bakhethe amajeneretha.

Izinhlamvu ezingalayishi:Uma ijeneretha isebenza ngaphandle komthwalo, i-armature current inguziro, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-open-circuit operation. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-motor stator enezigaba ezintathu kuphela ine-no-load electromotive force E0 (i-symmetry yezigaba ezintathu) ebangelwa i-excitation current Uma, futhi ubukhulu bayo bukhuphuka ngokunyuka kwe-If. Kodwa-ke, lokhu okubili akulingani ngoba umgogodla wesekethe kazibuthe wemoto ugcwele. Ijika elibonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla e-electromotive angalayishi angu-E0 kanye nesimanje esivusayo Uma ibizwa ngokuthi isici sokungalayishi sejeneretha ehambisanayo.

Impendulo esuka ku Armature:Uma ijeneretha ixhunywe kumthwalo olinganayo, i-current yezigaba ezintathu ekujikeni kwe-armature ikhiqiza enye inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo, ebizwa ngokuthi inkambu yokusabela kwe-armature. Ijubane layo lilingana nele-rotor, futhi lezi ezimbili zijikeleza ngokuhambisana.

Kokubili inkambu esebenzayo yamajeneretha e-synchronous'armature armature kanye nenkundla ye-rotor excitation ingalinganiselwa njengoba kokubili kusakazwa ngokomthetho we-sinusoidal. Umehluko wabo wesigaba sendawo uncike kumehluko wesigaba sesikhathi phakathi kwe-no-load electromotive force E0 kanye ne-armature current I. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkambu yokusabela kwezikhali nayo ihlobene nezimo zomthwalo. Uma umthwalo we-generator u-inductive, inkambu yokusabela kwe-armature inomphumela we-demagnetizing, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-voltage ye-generator. Ngokuphambene, lapho umthwalo unamandla, inkambu yokusabela kwe-armature inomphumela we-magnetizing, okwandisa i-voltage ephumayo ye-generator.

Layisha izici zokusebenza:Ngokuyinhloko ibhekisela ezicini zangaphandle nezici zokulungisa. Isici sangaphandle sichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwetheminali yejeneretha engu-U kanye nomthwalo wamanje I, uma kunikezwe isivinini esilinganiselwe esingaguquki, i-excitation current, kanye nesici samandla okulayisha. Isici sokulungisa sichaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-excitation current Uma kanye nomthwalo wamanje I, uma kunikezwe isivinini esilinganiselwe esingaguquki, i-terminal voltage, kanye nesici samandla okulayisha.

Izinga lokuhlukahluka kwama-voltage amajeneretha angama-synchronous cishe lingama-20-40%. Imithwalo evamile yezimboni nezasendlini idinga i-voltage engashintshi. Ngakho-ke, i-excitation current kufanele ilungiswe ngokufanele njengoba umthamo wamanje ukhula. Nakuba ukuguquka kwesimo sesici sokulawula kuphambene nesici sangaphandle, siyanda kumthwalo ongenisayo kanye nokumelana kuphela, kuyilapho ngokuvamile siyehla emithwalweni enamandla.

Isimiso Sokusebenza

Ijeneretha yeDizili

Injini kadizili ishayela ijeneretha, iguqule amandla asuka kuphethiloli wedizili abe amandla kagesi. Ngaphakathi kwesilinda senjini ye-diesel, umoya ohlanzekile, ohlungwe ngesihlungi somoya, uxubana kahle nophethiloli we-athomu we-athomu yomfutho ophezulu wedizili ojovwe ngomjovo kaphethiloli. Njengoba i-piston ihambela phezulu, icindezela ingxube, umthamo wayo uyancipha futhi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngokushesha lize lifike lapho kuthungela khona udizili. Lokhu kuthungela uphethiloli wedizili, okwenza ingxube ivuthe ngamandla. Ukwanda okusheshayo kwamagesi bese kuphoqa i-piston ukuthi iye phansi, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi 'umsebenzi'.

I-Generator kaphethiloli

Injini kaphethiloli ishayela ijeneretha, iguqule amandla amakhemikhali kaphethiloli abe amandla kagesi. Ngaphakathi kwesilinda senjini kaphethiloli, ingxube kaphethiloli nomoya isha ngokushesha, okuholela ekwandeni kwevolumu ngokushesha okuphoqa iphiston liye phansi, lenze umsebenzi.

Kokubili amajeneretha edizili nekaphethiloli, isilinda ngasinye sisebenza ngokulandelana ngendlela ethile. Amandla asebenza ku-piston aguqulwa yinduku yokuxhuma ibe amandla ajikelezayo, ashayela i-crankshaft. Ijeneretha ye-AC ye-brushless synchronous, efakwe i-coaxially nge-crankshaft yenjini yamandla, ivumela ukuzungezisa kwenjini ukushayela i-rotor ye-generator. Ngokusekelwe kumgomo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ijeneretha ibe isikhiqiza amandla e-electromotive, akhiqiza okwamanje ngomjikelezo womthwalo ovaliwe.